Forecast Forum
The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) forecast of
SST in the central Pacific (Barnett et al. 1988, Science, 241,
192‑196; Barnston and Ropelewski
1992, J. Climate, 5, 1316‑1345), is shown in Figs. F1
and F2. This forecast is produced routinely by the Prediction Branch of the
Climate Prediction Center. The predictions from the
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Coupled Forecast System
Model (CFS03) are presented in Figs. F3 and F4a, F4b. Predictions from the Markov model (Xue, et al. 2000: J. Climate, 13, 849‑871)
are shown in Figs. F5 and F6.
Predictions from the latest version of the LDEO model (Chen et al. 2000:
Geophys. Res. Let., 27, 2585‑2587)
are shown in Figs. F7 and F8.
Predictions using linear inverse modeling (Penland
and Magorian 1993: J. Climate, 6, 1067‑1076)
are shown in Figs. F9 and F10. Predictions from the ENSO‑CLIPER
statistical model (Knaff and Landsea 1997, Wea. Forecasting, 12, 633‑652)
are shown in Fig. F11. Niño 3.4
predictions are summarized in Fig. F12, provided by the Forecasting and
Prediction Research Group of the IRI.
The CPC and the contributors to the Forecast Forum caution
potential users of this predictive information that they can expect only modest
skill.
ENSO Alert System Status: La Niña Watch
Outlook:
There is a ~60% chance of La
Niña development during Northern Hemisphere fall 2020 and continuing through
winter 2020-21 (~55% chance).
Discussion:
By
early August 2020, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were below average in the equatorial
Pacific from the Date Line to the west coast of South America (Fig. T18). The monthly Niño-3.4 and Niño-3 indices were
at -0.3ºC and -0.5ºC, respectively (Table
T2).
Negative equatorial subsurface temperature anomalies (averaged across
180°-100°W), which had weakened during June and early July, began re-strengthening
in mid-July as below-average subsurface temperatures re-emerged in the east-central
equatorial Pacific (Fig. T17).
During July, low-level wind anomalies were easterly across most of the
equatorial Pacific (Fig. T20), while upper-level wind anomalies
were westerly over portions of the far western, central, and eastern Pacific (Fig. T21). Tropical convection was suppressed over the
western and central Pacific, and was near average over Indonesia (Fig. T25).
Overall, the combined oceanic and atmospheric system remained consistent with
ENSO-neutral.
The
models in the IRI/CPC plume (Figs.
F1-F12) are split between La Niña and ENSO-neutral (Niño-3.4 index between
-0.5°C and +0.5°C) during the fall and winter, but slightly favor La Niña from
the August-October through the November-January seasons. Based largely on
dynamical model guidance, the forecaster consensus favors La Niña development
during the August-October season, lasting through winter 2020-21. In summary, there is a ~60% chance of La Niña development
during Northern Hemisphere fall 2020 and continuing through winter 2020-21
(~55% chance).
Weekly
updates of oceanic and atmospheric conditions are available on the Climate
Prediction Center homepage (El
Niño/La Niña Current Conditions and Expert Discussions).