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El Nino Southern Oscillation
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ENSO Strengths
This table shows the forecast probability (%) of Niño-3.4 index exceeding a certain threshold (in degrees Celsius).
For negative thresholds, the table shows the probability (%) of a Niño-3.4 index value that is less than (more negative) that value.
For positive thresholds, the table shows the probability (%) of a Niño-3.4 index value that is greater than (more positive) that value.
This tool supports the official ENSO Diagnostic discussion updated on the 2nd Thursday of each month.
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Target |
≤ -2.0°C | ≤ -1.5°C | ≤ -1.0°C | ≤ -0.5°C | ≥ 0.5°C | ≥ 1.0°C | ≥ 1.5°C | ≥ 2.0°C |
SON |
~0 | ~0 | 1 | 60 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
OND |
~0 | 1 | 16 | 71 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
NDJ |
~0 | 3 | 28 | 75 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
DJF |
~0 | 5 | 30 | 71 | 1 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
JFM |
~0 | 3 | 21 | 60 | 2 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
FMA |
~0 | 1 | 11 | 46 | 3 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
MAM |
~0 | ~0 | 5 | 32 | 5 | ~0 | ~0 | ~0 |
AMJ |
~0 | ~0 | 3 | 20 | 12 | 1 | ~0 | ~0 |
MJJ |
~0 | ~0 | 3 | 18 | 19 | 3 | ~0 | ~0 |
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≤ -2.0°C | ≤ -1.5°C | ≤ -1.0°C | ≤ -0.5°C | ≥ 0.5°C | ≥ 1.0°C | ≥ 1.5°C | ≥ 2.0°C |
The values are based on the analysis published in:
L'Heureux, M. L., Tippett, Michael K., Takahashi, Ken, Barnston, Anthony G., Becker, Emily J., Bell, Gerald D., Di Liberto, Tom E., Gottschalck, Jon, Halpert, Michael S., Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Johnson, Nathaniel C., Xue, Yan, and Wang, Wanqiu, 2019: Strength Outlooks for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Wea. Forecasting, 34, 165-175, https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-18-0126.1.
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